The Espionage Act of 1917 Summary and History

The Espionage Act of 1917, passed by Congress two months after the United States declared war against Germany in World War I, made it a federal crime for any person to interfere with or attempt to undermine the U.S. armed forces during a war, or to in any way assist the war efforts of the nation’s enemies. Under the terms of the act, signed into law on June 15, 1917, by President Woodrow Wilson, persons convicted of such acts could be subject to fines of $10,000 and 20 years in prison. Under one still-applicable provision of the act, anyone found guilty of giving information to the enemy during wartime may be sentenced to death. The law also authorizes the removal of material considered â€Å"treasonable or seditious† from the U.S. mail. Key Takeaways: Espionage Act of 1917 The Espionage Act of 1917 makes it a crime to interfere with or attempt to undermine or interfere with the efforts of the U.S. armed forces during a war, or to in any way assist the war efforts of the nation’s enemies.  The Espionage Act of 1917 was passed by Congress on June 15, 1917, two months after the United States entered World War I.  While The Espionage Act of 1917 limited Americans’ First Amendment Rights, it was ruled constitutional by the Supreme Court in the 1919 case of Schenck v. United States.  Potential punishments for violations of the Espionage Act of 1917 range from fines of $10,000 and 20 years in prison to the death penalty. While the intent of the act was to define and punish acts of espionage—spying—during wartime, it necessarily placed new limits on Americans’ First Amendment rights. Under the wording of the act, anyone who publicly protested against the war, or the military draft could be open to investigation and prosecution. The non-specific language of the act made it possible for the government to target virtually anyone who opposed the war, including pacifists, neutralists, communists, anarchists, and socialists. The law was quickly challenged in court. However, the Supreme Court, in its unanimous decision in the 1919 case of Schenck v. United States, held that when America faced â€Å"a clear and present danger,† Congress had the power to enact laws that might during times of peace be constitutionally unacceptable.   Just one year after its passage, the Espionage Act of 1917 was extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, which made it a federal crime for any person to use â€Å"disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language† about the U.S. government, the Constitution, the armed forces, or the American flag. Although the Sedition Act was repealed in December of 1920, many people faced charges of sedition in the midst of growing post-war fears of communism. Despite the total repeal of the Sedition Act, several provisions of the Espionage Act of 1917 remain in effect today. History of the Espionage Act The outbreak of World War I shook America and Americans out of a more than 140 year-long self-imposed period of isolationism. Fears of internal threats posed especially by foreign-born Americans grew quickly. In his State of the Union address on December 7, 1915, almost two years before the U.S. would enter the war in 1917, President Wilson forcefully urged Congress to pass the Espionage Act.   â€Å"There are citizens of the United States, I blush to admit, born under other flags but welcomed under our generous naturalization laws to the full freedom and opportunity of America, who have poured the poison of disloyalty into the very arteries of our national life; who have sought to bring the authority and good name of our Government into contempt, to destroy our industries wherever they thought it effective for their vindictive purposes to strike at them, and to debase our politics to the uses of foreign intrigue ... â€Å"I urge you to enact such laws at the earliest possible moment and feel that in doing so I am urging you to do nothing less than save the honor and self-respect of the nation. Such creatures of passion, disloyalty, and anarchy must be crushed out. They are not many, but they are infinitely malignant, and the hand of our power should close over them at once. They have formed plots to destroy property, they have entered into conspiracies against the neutrality of the Government. They have sought to pry into every confidential transaction of the Government in order to serve interests alien to our own. It is possible to deal with these things very effectually. I need not suggest the terms in which they may be dealt with.† Despite Wilson’s passionate appeal, Congress was slow to act. On February 3, 1917, the U.S. officially broke diplomatic relations with Germany. Although the Senate passed a version of the Espionage Act on February 20, the House decided not to vote before the end of the current session of Congress. Shortly after declaring war against Germany on April 2, 1917, both the House and Senate debated versions of the Wilson administration’s Espionage Act that included strict censorship of the press.   The provision for press censorship—an apparent suspension of a First Amendment right—stirred stiff opposition in Congress, with critics arguing that it would grant the president unlimited power to decide what information â€Å"might† be harmful to the war effort. After weeks of debate, the Senate, by a vote of 39 to 38, removed the censorship provision from the final law. Despite the removal of his press censorship provision, President Wilson signed the Espionage Act into law on June 15, 1917. However, in a memorable bill signing statement, Wilson insisted that press censorship was still needed. â€Å"Authority to exercise censorship over the press †¦ is absolutely necessary to the public safety,† he said. Famous Prosecutions under the Espionage and Sedition Acts Since World War I, several Americans have been convicted or indicted for violations of the espionage and the sedition acts. A few of the more notable cases include: Eugene V. Debs In 1918, prominent labor leader and five-time Socialist Party of America presidential candidate Eugene V. Debs, who had long criticized America’s involvement in the war, gave a speech in Ohio urging young men to resist registering for the military draft. As a result of the speech, Debs was arrested and charged with 10 counts of sedition. On September 12, he was found guilty on all counts and sentenced to 10 years in prison and denied the right to vote for the rest of his life.  Ã‚   Debs appealed his conviction to the Supreme Court, which unanimously ruled against him. In upholding Debs’ conviction, the Court relied on the precedent set in the earlier case of Schenck v. United States, which held that speech that could potentially undermine society or the U.S. government was not protected under the First Amendment. Debs, who actually ran for president from his jail cell in 1920, served three years in prison, during which his health deteriorated rapidly. On December 23, 1921, President Warren G. Harding commuted Debs’ sentence to time served.   Julius and Ethel Rosenberg   In August 1950, American citizens Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were indicted on charges of spying for the Soviet Union. At a time when the United States was the only country in the world known to have nuclear weapons, the Rosenbergs were accused of giving the USSR top-secret nuclear weapon designs, along with information about radar, sonar, and jet engines.   After a long and controversial trial, the Rosenbergs were convicted of espionage and sentenced to death under Section 2 of the Espionage Act of 1917. The sentence was carried out at sundown on June 19, 1953.   Daniel Ellsberg In June 1971, Daniel Ellsberg, former U.S. military analyst working for the RAND Corporation think tank, created a political firestorm when he gave the New York Times and other newspapers the Pentagon Papers, a top-secret Pentagon report on President Richard Nixon’s and his administration’s decision-making process in conducting and continuing America’s participation in the Vietnam War. On January 3, 1973, Ellsberg was charged with violations of the Espionage Act of 1917, as well as theft and conspiracy. In all, the charges against him carried a total maximum prison sentence of 115 years. However, on May 11, 1973, Judge William Matthew Byrne Jr. dismissed all charges against Ellsberg, after finding that the government had illegally collected and handled evidence against him. Chelsea Manning In July 2013, former U.S. Army Private First Class Chelsea Manning was convicted by a military court-martial for violations of the Espionage Act relating to her disclosure of nearly 750,000 classified or sensitive military documents on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan to the whistleblower website WikiLeaks. The documents contained information on more than 700 prisoners detained at Guantà ¡namo Bay, a U.S. airstrike in Afghanistan that killed civilians, over 250,000 sensitive U.S. diplomatic cables, and other Army reports.   Originally facing 22 charges, including aiding the enemy, which could have brought the death penalty, Manning pleaded guilty to 10 of the charges. In her court martial trials in June 2013, Manning was convicted on 21 of the charges but was acquitted of aiding the enemy. Manning was sentenced to serve 35-years at the maximum-security disciplinary barracks at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. However, on January 17, 2017, President Barack Obama commuted her sentence to the nearly seven years she had already been held.   Edward Snowden In June 2013, Edward Snowden was charged under the Espionage Act of 1917 with â€Å"unauthorized communication of national defense information† and â€Å"willful communication of classified intelligence with an unauthorized person.† Snowden, a former CIA employee and U.S. government contractor, leaked thousands of classified National Security Agency (NSA) documents dealing with several U.S. global surveillance programs to journalists. Snowden’s actions came to light after details from the documents appeared in The Guardian, The Washington Post, Der Spiegel, and The New York Times. Two days after his indictment, Snowden fled to Russia, where he was eventually granted asylum for one year after being held at Moscows Sheremetyevo Airport for over a month by Russian authorities. The Russian government has since granted Snowden asylum until 2020. Now president of the Freedom of the Press Foundation, Snowden continues to live in Moscow while seeking asylum in another country.   Considered a patriot by some and a traitor by others, Snowden and his disclosures have fueled wide debate over mass government surveillance of the people and the balance between the interests of national security and personal privacy. The Espionage Act of 1917 Today As evidenced especially by the recent cases of Ellsberg, Manning, and Snowden, several provisions of the Espionage Act of 1917 remain in effect today. These provisions are listed in the United States Code (USC) under Title 18, Chapter 37—Espionage and Censorship.  Ã‚   As when it was first enacted, the Espionage Act still criminalizes the act of spying for or otherwise aiding an enemy of the United States. However, it has since been expanded to punish people who, for any reason, divulge or share classified government information without permission. Under the Barack Obama administration, a total of eight people, including Chelsea Manning and Edward Snowden, were charged or convicted of leaking national security secrets under the Espionage Act—more than under all previous presidential administrations combined.   As of July 2018, the Donald Trump administration was pursuing an Espionage Act indictment of Reality Winner, a government contractor who allegedly divulged a classified National Security Agency document detailing evidence of Russian meddling in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Sources â€Å"Schenck v. United States.† U.S. Supreme Court (1919). Oyez.orgâ€Å"This Day in History — June 15, 1917: U.S. Congress passes Espionage Act.† History.com.Edgar, Harold; Schmidt Jr., Benno C. (1973). â€Å"The Espionage Statutes and Publication of Defense Information.† 73 Columbia Law Review.â€Å"Harding Frees Debs and 23 Others Held for War Violations.† The New York Times. December 24, 1921Finn, Peter Horwitz, Sari (21 June 2013). â€Å"U.S. charges Snowden with espionage.† Washington Post.Mettler, Katie (June 9, 2017). â€Å"Judge denies bail for accused NSA leaker Reality Winner after not guilty plea.† Washington Post.

Child, Adolescent And Suicide - 867 Words

Child Adolescent and suicide Suicides attempt is a potentially self-injurious behavior with a non-fatal outcome, for which there is an evidence that the person intended at some level to kill himself/ herself (Kola 1). In simple words a person tries to kill himself/herself by poison, injury and many other ways. Then intent to commit suicide is called suicidal ideation. Now a days, many people committing suicide in which most of them is the youth generation. Why it happens?. When a person feels frustrated, agitated, presence of hopelessness and there are no other ways to solve a problem, when they give up and screwed the last option they can think of is suicide Now the question arises suicides among males is more or among females ?. In this topic, I am going to explode who commits more suicide males or females, why it happens, what are the factors that affects life and the ways we can help. Suicide before the age of 15 is uncommon. Most of suicides among children and adolescents occur late in adolescence period. According to published data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2009, the suicide rate for children ages 10 to 14 was 1.3 per 100,000, adolescents ages 15 to 19 was 7.75, per 100,000, and for young adults ages 20 to 24 was 12.5 per 100,000. There is no doubt that the suicides rate are increasing day by day. According to a survey suicide is the second leading cause of death in Canadians and 27 other European Union countriesShow MoreRelatedSuicide Is The Point At Which An Individual Takes Their Own Life Away1267 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction and Description Suicide is the point at which an individual takes their own life away. When we consider suicide we don t think about a child committing suicide. We regularly associate suicide with adults, so when we hear about suicide in children it is quite shocking. However, it does occur and it is quite common. 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Parents are not aware of how to tell if their adolescent is suicidal or how to condone it. In today s society there are so many ways to help them with their suicidal thoughts. Adolescents should not feel alone with their thoughts, there are forms of help deal with their thoughts. What Causes Suicide There are a variety of situations that can cause an adolescent to become suicidal. Bullying or child abuse can causeRead More Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect Essay examples1386 Words   |  6 Pagesmillion reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving more than 6 million children(Child Abuse Statistics Facts). Child abuse doesn’t necessarily have to be physical, it can be mental, emotional, or sexual, it can even be neglect. Abuse doesn’t only effect the child being abused but it also affects the people witnessing the abuse. Child abuse can affect the child in many different ways. There can be many effects of abuse on the child (Kraizer). 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Israel And The Middle East-Click to get Case Study Samples

Question: Why has the Arab-Israeli conflict been so persistent? What religious and cultural factors have contributed to the persistent state of unrest in the Middle East and, in particular, in what some people refer to as the Holy Land? Answer: The Arab-Israeli conflict One of the issues that date back to time is the unstable relationship between Arab and Israel. Not only does a conflict lies between the nation and its people, but also researchers who address the issue to be about land or religion. Despite of a presence of strong militarism, cultural factors has broadly affected the Middle East. The domination of Moslems over infidel Jews has also contributed towards maintaining the conflict. As stated by Fraser (2015), Clash with the rising Zionist enemies affected survival of Arab as a nation. Further, the spread of Muslim ideology in contest with the prevailing cultural trends adds up as negativity. The difference in mythology of violent groups, Christians and other sectors has lead to elimination of the powerless communities like the Lebanese Christians from their own nation. In order to regain position and maintain their individual beliefs, Arabs have been in a constant fight in their world. The immoral views of the intruders in the Holy Land have provoked religious controversies for expanding delegations. The most powerful party in the country, Likud emphasizes the Biblical possession of Israel. Additionally, the Muslim also fights for right to that province by following their holy Quran. According to Brower Sanders (2013), building of holy sites and Islamic benchmarks such as the Temple Mount and Al-Aqsa Mosque against the lawful successors of Jerusalem has resulted in wars and conflict in the Middle East. Further, overpower of Muslims on Islamic waqf and their peculiar teachings have caused great harm to the country and to its people. References Brower, D. R. Sanders, T. (2013). The World in the Twentieth Century, 7th Edition Fraser, T. G. (2015).The Arab-Israeli Conflict. Palgrave Macmillan.

Management Skill Conflict Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Management Skill for Conflict Case Study. Answer: Introduction: Possible Ways Improving Situation The case study is about organisational conflicts among the different hierarchy of the organisation. The employees have problem regarding the late coming of the boss. The employees and the team leader organise the whole day schedule daily. However, arriving late in the office, the boss prepares a new set of schedule for the employees. The changed schedule interrupts the tasks and work process daily (lu, 2015). These are main cause of dissatisfaction among the employees. The manager feels himself/herself unproductive as per decision-making process of the boss. This situation can be improved through roper communication with the boss (Ahmed, 2015). Both the employees and the boss have their respective constraints. The main cause of late arrival in office was family issues of the boss and his responsibilities for his child. Moreover, he stays office extra time to fulfil his duty. This indicates that, as a person, the boss is good. The employees want him to be more sensitive to them. Proper communication among the employees can resolve the problem (Guffey Loewy, 2012). The leader can write a letter to the boss about the issues faced by the employees and their time constraint. They even can highlight possible solutions (Roth, 2014). They can suggest the boss to prepare the work schedule of next day on that day. This solution can resolve the problem of late arrival of the boss in office. Meaningful verbal communication can be effective (Vercic, Vercic Sriramesh, 2012). After knowing the issues, the boss can also take initiatives. He may arrange meeting with the management team to resolve issues. Democratic management style may give the employees a space to share their views about improvement of the work process (Hamilton, 2013). Removing communication gap is the most effective to improve the situation. The boss is sensible person in the view of the employees. Therefore, it is expected that, he may understand the concern of the employees and may take proper action . References Ahmed, S., (2015) 'Business Communication',Pakistan Observer,. Guffey, M., Loewy, D., (2012) Essentials of Business Communication. inhttps://s3.amazonaws.com/,,https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/45371101/OTM315_Business_Communications.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEAExpires=1472475320Signature=5TXA%2F280HPvcmq4j87Dge4SgQHU%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DOTM315_Business_Communications.pdf [accessed 29 August 2016]. Hamilton, C., (2013) Communicating for results: a guide for business and the professions. inwww.cengagebrain.com.mx,,, https://www.cengagebrain.com.mx/content/hamilton95842_0495095842_02.01_chapter01.pdf [accessed 29 August 2016]. lu, A., (2015) 'Instant Messaging Improves Business Communications',China Daily,2015. Roth, S., (2014) The things that go without saying. On performative differences between business value communication and communication on business values. inHal.archives-ouvertes.fr, 2014, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01053515/document [accessed 29 August 2016]. Vercic, A., Vercic, D., Sriramesh, K., (2012) Internal communication: Definition, parameters, and the future. in /www.researchgate.net, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dejan_Vercic/publication/257181679_Internal_communication_Definition_parameters_and_the_future/links/0deec53320037d83c0000000.pdf [accessed 29 August 2016].

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Lincoln and Jefferson Davis essays

Lincoln and Jefferson Davis essays In this report I compare two great historical figures: Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president, steered the Union to victory in the American Civil War and abolished slavery, and the first and only president of the Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis. Abraham Lincoln was the President of the Union, and Jefferson Davis struggled to lead the Confederacy to independence in the U.S. Civil War. Lincoln was treasured by the African Americans and was considered an earthly incarnation of the Savior of mankind (DeGregorio 20-25). On the other hand, Davis was both admired and hated. Lincoln had a different view of how the U.S. should be in abolishing slavery. Davis was a politician, president of the Confederate States of America, and also a successful planter. He had beliefs for the South to continue in the old ways with slavery and plantations. Both Lincoln and Davis had strong feelings for the protection of their land (Arnold 55-57). Both Abraham and Jefferson Davis shared several differences and similarities. Lincoln was known to have an easy going and joking type attitude. In contrast, Davis had a temper such that when challenged, he simply could not back down (DeGregorio 89). Davis had been a fire-eater before Abraham Lincolns election, but the prospect of Civil War made him gloomy and depressed. Fifty-three years old in 1861, he suffered from a variety of ailments such as fever, neuralgia, and inflamed eye, poor digestion, insomnia, and stress. Lincoln also suffered from illnesses during the war. He had severe cases of headaches and stress. Both presidents had a lot of pressure of them due to the fact of defending their region. Lincoln had difficulties growing up because of the deaths early in his childhood, poverty, and little education. Davis; however, studied at a Roman Catholic school in Kentucky and at Transylvania University, and entered West Point in 1824. Davis seemed to have had an outreaching envir onment to his suc...

Remembering who You Are Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Remembering who You Are - Essay Example In this mini-paper, I will tell the reader what has shaped my view of the world; what events have contributed to my personality; and, what I want to do with my life. So, here we go. Reader, I am the eldest daughter of my parents. This might be the reason that I feel many responsibilities on my shoulders. We lived in Saudi Arabia before moving to USA. My homeland was the most comfortable place to me where I was born, studied, and played. I had a few friends, boys and girls, but I felt that I was closest to my mom who was always there whenever I needed her for a good piece of advice. She had always advised me to be honest and pure throughout my life. Her pieces of advice have helped me a lot in many points in life. I still remember that I had fought with her a lot when she told me that father had decided to move to USA. â€Å"Baby, I want you to be mentally prepared because we are moving to USA†, was what she said to me, and I still remember how upset I was. However, I admitted because my teacher had also advised my parents to make me study in USA considering my intellect and capabilities. Also, my father wanted to have a better earning, so we moved to USA. After going through all necessary procedures, the day came when I was going to experience my first day in USA.

Leadership Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership Bachelor - Essay Example However, should there be any lapses, which is the one to be blamed If there are irregularities, which are those people responsible Or which brain should conceptualize the plan in order to achieve success How can the people inside the team with different tasks and interests be guided with regards to their movement and execution of plans In these cases, it all boils down to one individual-The Leader. We all know that a team is composed of many individuals, but how important is the leader in unifying these individuals and to achieve the needed success of an endeavor or certain project Leader is defined as the one organizes or is in charge of the group or something that leads or guides others (allwords.com 1). In layman's term he is the one who is in charge of the team, the standard bearer per se. How vital is the performance of the leader in order to obtain the desired output Up to what extent does the leader takes over especially if he or she leads the team. These are only some of the questions that are in need to be answered in order for us to know the importance of a leader on a certain team. It is a common connotation that when the word team is used, it has something to do with sports. Perhaps, let us also take a look in this field. In almost all of the team sport, there are leaders in and off the playing court. A coach perhaps can be considered as leader as he is the one who creates and induces his system with regards to the performance of his players in each and every game. The quarterback in American football, point guard in basketball, libero in volleyball and stopper in football. All do have different designations but has the same impact and importance in the team. They lead the team in scoring and in defense. It is also said that they can make or unmake the team, so what's with these leaders that the whole team depends on them It is said that an organization regardless of its nature whether it is a business, political party, alliance et cetera is a form of team. They all have leaders. In most cases, the leaders are the ones whom they look up to whether they are into the peak of the success or into the bitterness of defeat. A team is defined as a group of people working on a common goal, with different task and interdependent with each other. This means that a certain team cannot succeed by an effort of an individual but rather an effort of different individuals with a common goal; they are united with a driving force. However, their efforts will almost be next to inutile, if no one will act to be the head or the leader of that team. Primarily, the main concern of the team leader is to ensure that the team's plan in order to succeed is properly executed. Tam leader must also know the strengths and weaknesses of each and every individual member in order to ensure that the manpower that is delegated to perform specific task can deliver the goods. The leader must also be a good follower like the old saying with regards to the leaders. They should always follow the rules that the team has prescribed for its members. With all these facts laid, it always boils down to one question. How important is leadership to a team Does it have an impact to a team considering a team is comprised of many individuals Sometimes leadership in team particularly in organization is

Data, information, and Organizational knowledge Essay - 3

Data, information, and Organizational knowledge - Essay Example ers’ orders are met on time and for a transaction to be complete it must pass all stages of the transaction process that is collection, storage, modification and retrieval. The second type of IS is decision support system which are generally computer based systems and subsystems intended to help decision makers use communications technologies, data, documents, knowledge and/or models to complete decision process tasks. . In most situation, it may be aimed at business executives or knowledge worker. The third type of IS is EIS (Executive Information System) that facilitates and supports overall management of an organization information and decision-making needs. This system specifically targets the needs of the upper management, and helps to provide useful information to the management in order to help facilitate decision making. It involves the computers, network, people and procedures. The forth type of information system is OAS (Office Automation system) refers to a type of system that facilitate information exchange between people in an organisation. A variety of office automation systems are now applied to business and communication functions that used to be performed manually or in multiple locations of a company, such as preparing written communications and strategic planning. The main benefit is that the more freely the information flows the more its productivity. The final type of information system is ES (expert systems) is a computer based decision tool that uses procedures that exhibits, within a specific domain to solve difficult decision making problems, based on the knowledge acquired from the expert. Instant messaging software like what’s up and 2go are good example of information systems. They lie under database information systems and categorized under communication driven DSS.DSS that are communication driven have primary purpose to help conduct a meeting or for users to collaborate. The internet messaging software allows a group of people

Research Methods For Hospitality And Tourism

Research Methods For Hospitality And Tourism Set above the market town of Otley, in West Yorkshire, you will find unspoiled woodlands, secluded accommodation and glorious fishing lakes. With 49 recently refurbished hotel rooms and log cabins- you will feel a million mile from it all. However you will also find bustling markets, fine dining restaurants, bars, galleries and shopping just minutes away. Eating at our beautifully extended lakeside Restaurant is a must. Whether you are here for business or pleasure, you will leave refreshed and totally relaxed. A HOTEL WITH HEART AND SOUL A RENOWNED AREA OF SCENIC BEAUTY, The Yorkshire Dales is a landscape brimming with history, tradition and nature. Situated on the very southern edge of the Dales, Chevin Country Park Hotel Spa sits within 44 acres of silver birch woodland on the brow of the Chevin forest. The unique timber buildings of the hotel and lodges sit naturally amidst this seclusion. The hotel takes its name from the wooded hillside overlooking the mediaeval market town of Otley. This offers stunning views of the wharfe vally and surrounding countryside. Our ambition for Chevin is for it to remain as the Hotel of choice in West Yorkshire, At the same time preserving the beauty of the natural environment and the character of the original building. At Chevin Country park hotel Spa we will put our heart and soul into giving you a great hotel befitting of such a great location and promise to make your visit as special and unique as the setting itself. PADDY CRERAR. Aims Objectives: The aim of this research is to investigate the factors affecting implementation plans of management which has affected loss of business and profit. Objectives: To investigate concept of management based on literature review. To establish theoretical background to changing management. To investigate factors that affect implementation of plan by management. To clarify recent conditions with help of hypothesis. Analyses the data collected and give evaluation. PROBLEM ACCORDING TO MANAGEMENT: In Chevin Country Park Hotel, these are different types of problems according to management: Problem is about service. Guest has not given nice feedback, most of them are complaining about service. They are saying that, every time they have to wait for food. Management doesnt want to hire more staff for Kitchen as well as Service. Hotels dont have enough machinery. Rules marketing strategies laid by new management. Staff turnover RESEARCH: Research is defined as, any gathering of data, information facts for advancement of knowledge. Research is discerning pursuit of the truth Today there are thousands of companies, whose primary activity involves providing research services that helps business key strategies, tactical and operational question. Research has become more formalized technical. But its purpose remains much the same as enquiries undertaken by the Phoenician merchants. How do I find answer to improve my performance and make life better for customer, employees, and owner? Business research is design to answer these questions. OBSERVATION Due to shortage of time I couldnt be part of staff or cannot be employee of hotel, so method I chose was direct observation. I started my observation at reception as checking in the hotel. I was standing at reception as walking guest. I observed following facts: About Staff: Staff was not up to the standards. Were confused and less experienced. Were delaying check-in process were annoying customers standing in queue. Were talking to themselves in their native language Were rude to customers. They were confused with issuing of keys to the customer creating panic among themselves. Were not properly dressed. Were creating a chaos. Were not attending guests requests, which were living in the hotel. Were confused while attending call and guests simultaneously. Proper coordination between staff was missing. 2. At Reception desk: At the reception, the flowers used for decoration were not fresh.. Bell boy were not available, as a result guests had to carry their own luggage. Keys were placed in haphazard manner, which was confusing the receptionist while assigning it to the guests. Three telephones were placed on reception desk but only one receptionist was responsible for attending all three telephones, and she was not able to manage them. Ringing other two telephones while attending one call , was making that receptionist and guests annoyed. The floor near the reception was not cleaned regularly ,as a result many footprints were printed near the lobby, making floor dirty. 3.In Hotel Room: When I entered my room, I observed following things: The floor of the room was not properly cleaned; I could sense the dust on the floor as my shoes were leaving footprints on the floor. In refrigerator, I could see some empty cans, which projected that it was not restocked. There were some fingerprints on the mirror, which showed mirror was not cleaned regularly. The bed spreads also had some marks. Dusting was not done properly, as there was dust on the table. Towels in the bathroom were not up to the standards. It seemed like used before by someone else. The mattress outside the bathroom was stinky. Toilet tissues near the WC were not assembled in the tissue holder. AC in the room was not working properly. Also Wi-Fi signal in the room was very poor. One of the bulbs in the room was not glowing. There was no instruction manual for using electronic equipments. There was no instruction manual for operating AC. TV was not connected to DVD player and it was mentioned no where how to connect TV and DVD player. There was no manual for how to operate a washing machine. 4. In Hotel Restaurant : About restaurant, the service of food was very slow. Staff didnt have enough knowledge about food and wine. Service staff couldnt even explain to guest what were the ingredients in dishes, like what kind of sauces served with pork or beef? Even staff didnt know that which wine goes with specific dishes e.g.: red wine goes with red meat. Management had changed the menu staff was not briefed properly. There was no sufficient place between two table, making it uncomfortable for people to move to and from the aisles. Cutlery which was used on table which was not polished. Also table cloths on the table, were having food stains mark. Staff used to speak their native languages loudly standing behind the counters. Also there was loud sound of glasses, cutlery coming from service area behind. It seemed like they were not able to make proper atmosphere in restaurant. Restaurant Manager was very rude while handling guest complaints. 5. About Hotel Infrastructure: Infrastructure of the restaurant was one of the important problems of this hotel. Hotel is having 2 floor restaurants. Upstairs floor having lake view balcony. So guest will prefer to sit upstairs. But its very difficult for staff to give proper service to guest. Also bar is not situated near restaurant, so that each and every time they have to go to bar to take drinks for guest. HYPOTHESIS: Hypothesis can be defined as observable phenomena or experimental observation. It guides the direction of research. If it seriously conducted, it helps to know what shall be done and what shouldnt. Co relational Hypothesis: Co relational hypothesis occurs together in some specified manner without implying that one cause another. In this case management is independent and all staff, machinery, rooms, services etc are dependent. According to the Hypothesis and my observation the results which I found are: Hotel staff is not maintaining proper grooming standards like hair cut, wearing jewellery etc. Front office staff is not much capable to handle guest. Also not having enough experience to handle situation. Food service very slow in restaurant, because of that guest has to wait long for every course. Also staff not having enough knowledge about food and wine. Staff attitude towards guest is not good. Manager behavior towards guest as well as staff is very rude. Quantity of food is less Hotel rooms are not clean properly, when I entered in room, that time I saw that dusting in room not done properly. Direction signs are not accurate Infrastructure of the restaurant, some of the facilities in the hotel are not working properly. Casual staff is working , most of the all department,. Actually management get casual staff on more cheaper rate who are not trained. CASE STUDY: A case study at the Front desk: NANCY SWANGER, Morgan Black appointed as researcher by corporate office. The Coug Inn is a 150 rooms full serviced property with several medium sized banquets. it caters mostly to business travelers and visitors affiliated to local university. Hotel is very busy between august and may, with periods classes are not in session being extremely slow. Occupancy has been declining for the last year or so. Since arriving at The Coug Inn, Morgan made several observations about hotel situation. It seems that most of the problem with front desk. After reviewing comments card from last month, Morgan has sensed real dissatisfaction with the check-in process. Paper work at check in is perceived as lengthy and hard to fill out. Guest has been checked into rooms that were not clean. After discussing problem with front office manager, front office manager complaints that reservation staff does not always submit the days reservation to the front desk in a timely manner. So when guest arrive, desk further with over 65 % of the hotel staff speaking first language other than English. So communication is difficult. Front office manager further told that, the new hotel in town, the suit to sleep inn. Has an earlier checked in time and it seems to work ok for them. Morgan asks front office manager how the staff might respond to moving to a fully automated property management system. The respond was not favorable. Also corporate office had not put any money into the place in years. In attempt to reach a compromise, Morgan considers changing the check-in time in exchange for the front desk managers support of the conversation to an automated system. What must Morgan take into consideration before final decisions are made to adjust checked in time and install fully automated property management system? How should Morgan proceed in resolving the communication issue? Who needs to be involved in the final decisions? How might Morgan present the case to the corporate office? (Hotel Management and Operation By Michael J. Ofallon, Denney G. Rutherford, Page no:162) RESEARCH METHOD USED TO RESOLVE PROBLEM: Research: After reviewing the assessment form, I would like to use Evaluation Research. This will help hotel to get profit. There are three types of research: Descriptive Is finding out describing what it is Explanatory Explaining why or how things are there. Evaluation In process of Evaluation research participant contribution plays important role. Participant contribution term means manager should specify their problem provide the researcher adequate background information relating to them. As manager explained the entire situation about hotel. As manager told, all problem which hotel is facing, needs to be solved as soon as possible. There are many problems with service, kitchen as well as infrastructure. Actualy all these problems are related to each other. DATA COLLECTION: The main step in Evaluation Process is Data Collection. Data Collection identify issues from the people directly involved in the program identify further issues from the programmed documents, observing how the program is actually working. Through manager, I got assessment forms, Restaurant Bar comment card given by guest, also appraisal form which is filled by employees. To solve these problems, we need to evaluate current employees to determine their productivity, job satisfaction and commitment. DIFFERENT RESEARCH METHODS USED TO REACH THE CORE OF PROBLEM: SELF APPRAISAL QUESTIONNAIRE: Employee Name: Department: Position: Start Date: How do you feel about the work environment at Chevin Park Hotel? How do you enjoy most about your position? What do you feel about strongest work areas? In what area do you feel you have made improvements or changes? In what areas would you like more training or more work experience? What are your goals for next years? COMMENTS: Thank you. Guest Comment Card: Chevin Country Park Hotel Spa Chevin country park hotel spa really care about what you think. Sending feedback help us to provide you better level of service on your next visit with us. Please feel free to to comment on our site, our hotel or any other matter on your mind. Rate us: Excellent Good Average Fair Poor Physical appearance of the hotel Check in process Cleanliness of hotel Quality of food Your overall experience Better: Is there an area where you think we could do a better job? Employee: Did you particular hotel employee make your stay with us especially enjoyable? Comments: Additional comments you wish to makeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Thank you. CASE STUDY: SAMOUELS GREEK CUISINE RESTAURANT; Samouels Greek Cuisine Restaurant is located in London. Phil Samouel, owner of the Samouels Greek Cuisine Restaurant, believes his profit are not as high as they could be. He wants to increase sale. He wants to attract new customer. He also wants to ensure that restaurant running smoothly. Phil Samouel is new to this business. So he decided to hire restaurant consultant. He contacted Ad mark International, ask them to conduct a preliminary assessment of his restaurant operations and prepare research proposal for him to review. After discussions with Phil Samouel and several of his employees, the account manager from the research firm conclude that the primary questions facing samouels restaurant are: Are employees being managed to maximize their productivity as well as commitment to the success of the restaurant? What are the different way to attract new customer? These are the two separate issues but they are related to each other. First project will evaluate current employees to determine their productivity, job satisfaction and commitment. Second project evaluate the survey of customer. The employee assessment project: How do employees feel about work environment? How committed are the employees to helping make the restaurant success? Do different group of employees have different feeling about working at samouels? Customer assessment project: What is the level of satisfaction of samouels customer? What factors contribute to restaurant customer satisfaction? Do customers rate Ginos more favorably than they do samouels? ( name of the book ) Solution: For rooms: There should be either permanent staff or contract staff for cleaning the rooms , proper cleaning equipment like vacuumed cleaner, glass wiper, all solutions etc. should be purchased to make cleaning easier and faster. A supervisor should supervise the rooms. The towels and mattresses , bedspreads in the rooms should be properly cleaned and dried. Laundry should take this responsibility. Maintenance persons, at least 2 should be hired as permanent staff for emergencies which will also save money of management to look after all the electronic equipments in the hotel. Staff should be given training before actual service briefing should be done by manager with the staff so the staff is aware of daily specials, soup of the day availabilities of the dishes from the menu. Restaurant: The staff should be given the training related to food and beverage prior to attending guests. Staff should be given training, for meeting greeting guests as per hotel standards laid by new management. Manager should have an idea of handling all the problems that may happen in the hotel. Fast and proper service should be given to the guests. Staff should be given knowledge about what are the ingredients of the served dish. Staff should be given training based on type of wine and the dish with which it can be served. The tables should be arranged properly prior to the party or the event organized. There should be proper spacing between the tables so that waiter can move freely for serving. The plates and cutlery should be properly cleaned and polished. A plate polished should be arranged by the hotel. Table clothes on the table should be cleaned, and the responsibility has to be taken by laundry team. They should ensure that there are no stain marks on the table clothes. Staff should use only English while in the hotel, conversation in native language should not be allowed, as it is confusing for the guests of the hotel. About Staff : There should be either permanent staff or contract staff for cleaning the rooms Staff should be provided proper training prior to joining job. At Reception desk: This is the most import place in hotel as all the guests are received at Reception. Flowers at the reception should be fresh and placed properly. Floor should be cleaned regularly. If there are more than two telephones at the desk, more than one person should be available at desk to attend the calls. A personnel should be appointed for handling only guest complaints, and should be handled carefully. Bell boy should be available at the reception to carry guests luggage. About Hotel Infrastructure: Infrastructure of the hotel is the major part affecting the service of the hotel. So infrastructure should be designed properly to meet the requirements. Bar should be situated near the restaurant, so that it will be easy to provide proper service to the guests. Infrastructure of the hotel is the major part affecting the service of the hotel. So infrastructure should be designed properly to meet the requirements. (FLOOR PLAN FOR RESTAURANT / BAR/ RECEPTION) As per shown in diagram, Restaurant is situated on lake. Bar is situated behind the Reception. Thats why distance between restaurant and bar is too long. So every time service staff has to walk through it. Also if you go from service area then also it takes time. Thats why guest are keep complaining about service, slow service. If you see in diagram, lounge is situated exactly besides of the restaurant on lake. If we make setup of bar in Lounge, and Lounge will goes instead of Bar. This will save lots of time, also because of this it will look nice. So guest can go themselves on Bar and have their drinks. That will useful for guest as well as staff. If management ready to change infrastructure, this will be the important change, which need to be done. Surely this will help to improve service quality. Cleanliness: Proper Cleanliness should be maintained. All the used utensils should be cleaned at the end of the day so that it can be used next day. Oven should be cleaned regularly so that it is free from any odor. Gas stove should be cleaned regularly so that there are no stain marks on it. planning : All the events should be planned properly so that there are no confusions at any events. All the tables should be arranged properly in the night, so that in the morning there wont be any wastage of time in arranging the table. Training: The staff should be given proper Behavioral Training so that they should know how to handle guests. The staff who is working in service section of restaurant should be given proper training on serving and should be given knowledge on ingredients of the dishes served. The staff should be given Meetings: Meetings for staff should be arranged regularly by manager so as to discuss the goals to be achieved and should also discuss what technique should be used for the same. Meetings should be arranged on daily, weekly, monthly and annual basis. All the problems faced by staff should be discussed in these meetings. Feedbacks: There should be a personnel appointed for handling feedbacks given by guest. Proper measures should be taken to work on it. It should be discussed regularly with manager so that the areas where hotel need to be improved is highlighted. Manager Behavior: Manager should be experienced, should know how to handle all the situations that a hotel may face. He should be trained properly so that he can handle annoyed guests. He should offer some complimentary service to guests in case of any mistakes committed by hotel unknowingly. Advanced Equipment / Machinery: Hotel should buy advanced equipment in case of necessity so as to make all the processes fast. For example : Hotel should buy an automatic dish cleaners so as to make dish cleaning faster and effective. Hotel should buy number of vaccum cleaner so that cleaning of dust is an fast an easy procedure. Dish polisher should be bought to polish dish. Floor cleaning machinery should be bought to make floor cleaning faster. In laundry, no of washing machines should be present so that bed spreads, mattress and table covers should be washed regularly and kept clean. Driers should be available so that all the table covers and other clothes are dried and can be used for next day. Technical Problems: For handling technical problem a technical team should be hired. For example: To handle problems related to bulb, tube light fitting, a electrician should be available for hotel. To handle problems related to network, LAN, wi-fi, internet connection a technical personnel should be hired. 3. To handle defects in washing machine, oven, geyser, lifts, fans, TV, dvd players a technical team should be there. Supervision: A supervisory team should be assigned to do following things: To supervise room cleanliness. To supervise floor cleanliness. To supervise whether electronic equipments are working properly. To supervise whether cleanliness is maintained at kitchen. CONCLUSION As elaborated above, if the mentioned policies are implemented by the hotel management, the expected result would be: 1. Increase in staff skills 2. Rise in customer satisfaction 3. Rise in employee satisfaction 4. Increase in hotel profit 5. Improve in hotel standard The mentioned policies would help hotel to maintain its position in this competitive world of business and would help hotel to grow at a faster rate, improving its market standards and market values. This would even help hotel and its employees to be at a stronger position even when market is down. Would help them to handle all the situations that would be beneficiary for the organization.

Neil Postman Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout the span of the past few weeks I have traversed the globe, visiting several countries and regions, only to realize that although new methods develop, language as a way of expressing ones self has remained the most effective. Despite this fact, language still has its pitfalls. Neil Postman, in his essay “Defending Against the Indefensible,'; outlines seven concepts that can be used to aid a student in better understanding the language as a means of communication. He describes how modern teaching methods leave a student vulnerable to the “prejudices of their elders';, further stating that a good teacher must always be skeptical. He urges teachers of all subjects to break free from traditional teachings as well as “linguistical tyranny';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His first principle regards the process of definition. As I sit in an every day classroom I notice several things. Many, if not all student simply nod their heads while a teacher explains, be it a theory in Math, or a formula in Science. Not once have I encountered a student willing to raise their hand and question the definition, or meaning that a teacher has rambled off to them. Neil Postman states his feelings on this best when he writes, “ It is a form of stupidity when to accept without reflection someone else’s definition.'; He wants people to realize that definitions are not god given, and that to question the validity is acceptable. Upon looking in a dictionary at any word you will see that all have several meanings. The same may apply to our lives, while one definition may apply to you another may not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ability to question a definition is a crucial part of communication. For example: in the practice of law a case might call for someone to define the freedom of press, and that very definition may mean two completely different things to two different people. Postman’s first principle was one that I feel needed to be addressed. Too often our teachers impose the same definition they learned, valid, or not. If one is not allowed to defend a definition, especially an unjust one, then communication becomes more difficult.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  “All the knowledge one could ever attain is by asking questions, so logically these questions should be properly formed.'; Postman&... ...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A metaphor, used as a communication skill, is best described in a political way. Think of Reagan’s Voodoo economics, or Bill Clinton building a bridge to the 21st century. Politicians can easily scam an ignorant voter, should one not understand a metaphor. For example: Clinton refers to building a bridge, but does not tell us with which tools he intends to build it with. This particular concept is valid alone for the above reason. Whether you are talking to a teacher or watching television, metaphors need to understand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fifth concept is that of reification. This means confusing words with things. We falsely associate simple words with things they don’t even resemble. This occurs many times when we communicate. Sometimes used to exaggerate the importance of a detail when telling a story, or trying to increase the appeal of consumer goods. Postman wants reification to be taught in school so students may see the inner workings of it. Reification is a very potent thing in every day life, and the study of reification in school is an admirable thing. Students should be made wary of advertising gimmicks.

Cow and Pig Manures Essay

While cows eat many of the same plants eaten by horses, weed seeds do not survive in a cow’s digestive system. Cattle (along with goats, sheep, deer, and some other animals) are ruminants that have a system of two stomachs to double-digest their food. Cattle manure is often collected as a slurry, does not have bedding materials mixed in with it, and will break down easily. For these reasons, cow manure is better than horse manure in a compost pile. Nitrogen level is lower than that for horse manure. Pig (hog) manure is collected as a slurry. Its high odor level will diminish when it is combined with dry carboniferous materials. Its nitrogen and other nutrient levels are similar to cow manure. Chicken Manure Chicken manure has long been a favorite of gardeners. Its high nitrogen content makes it ideal to â€Å"fire up† a compost pile that has a lot of carbon, but it also means that it should not be added to the soil directly around plants—it may burn the roots. The strong ammonia smell of chicken manure almost disappears when it is mixed with carboniferous materials such as dead leaves. As a general rule, it is best to compost chicken manure rather than add it directly to the soil. Read more: The Best Manure for Compost | Garden Guides http://www.gardenguides.com/87499-manure-compost.html#ixzz29JgQHQSP Materials and methods Location, soil and climate The experiment was conducted in the experimental farm of the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. This area is in Southeastern Vietnam, and has a tropical monsoonal climate, with a rainy season from May to October and a dry season from November to April. The characteristic of the soil is sandy. The average temperature is 28 °C with high humidity. The duration of this study was 120 days, from February to May, 2011. Treatments and experimental design The experiment was a completely randomized design (CRD), with 5 treatments and 3 replicates. Each replicate in the experimental field was a plot with about 110 plants grown on the surface of 4.5m2 (1.5m Ãâ€" 3m) and 20 cm high (Figure 1). The treatments were: †¢ Chicken manure (CM): 68g total Nitrogen from chicken manure †¢ Cow manure (COM): 68g total Nitrogen from cow manure †¢ Pig manure (PM): 68g total Nitrogen from pig manure †¢ Inorganic fertilizer (IO): 68g total Nitrogen from inorganic fertilizer †¢ No manure (NM): No manure is applied when sowing and planting

The Murder of Somer Thompson and Capture of Her Killer

The Murder of Somer Thompson and Capture of Her Killer On October 18, 2009, 7-year-old Somer Thompson was walking home from her Orange Park, Florida school with her twin brother and 10-year-old sister when she disappeared. Her body was found two days later 50 miles away in a landfill in Georgia. Florida Searches for Somer Thompson Somer Thompson was a mere 4-foot, 5-inches tall and weighed 65 pounds on the day that she went missing. Her hair was in a ponytail, tied with a red bow and she was carrying her favorite purple Hannah Montana backpack and a lunchbox. She was walking with her siblings and friends, but then when some in the group got into an argument, she separated from them and walked ahead by herself. It would be the last time Somer Thompson was seen alive. Investigator immediately suspected foul play and issued an Amber Alert. Police interviewed more than 160 registered sex offenders who lived within a five-mile radius of where Somer disappeared.   Clay County Sheriff Sgt. Dan Mahla called the investigation an all-out search. Working all night, the search included canine units, mounted police, dive teams, and helicopters with heat-sensing technology, Mahla said. Somer Thompsons Body Is Found On October 21, 2009, a childs body was found in a landfill in Folkston, Georgia, just across the Florida state line near where Somer Thompson vanished. Searchers found the body of a young white child at the landfill after sorting through more than 100 tons of garbage. They were not acting on a tip. They followed garbage trucks working Thompsons neighborhood to the site. Clay County Sheriff Rick Beseler said it was a standard operating procedure in a missing person case for police to begin following garbage trucks and search nearby landfills. Pornographer Arrested in Somer Thompson Case A Florida man, who was being held on child pornography charges in Mississippi, was charged with the murder of Somer Thompson. Jarred Mitchell Harrell, 24, faced multiple charges in connection with the murder. Harrell has been in custody in Mississippi since February 11 and was extradited to Florida. Harrell faced a possible death sentence for charges of premeditated murder, sexual battery of a child under 12 and lewd and lascivious battery, according to court records. But Harrell was arrested in Meridian, Mississippi on a Florida warrant on more than 50 charges related to the sexual assault of another girl which he allegedly videotaped. He entered a not guilty plea to the charges. Press reports said at the time of Somers disappearance, Harrell was living with his parents in a house that was on her route to and from school. Harrell ultimately faced three trials: one for the molestation of the 3-year-old, one for the murder of Somer Thompson and another for child pornography.   Somer Thompsons Killer Gets Plea Deal Harrell avoided the death penalty by accepting a plea deal. He was sentenced to life without the possibility of parole after agreeing to drop his right to appeal the sentence later. Somers family members agreed to the plea deal, prosecutors said. After entering his guilty plea, Harrell listened to several victim impact statements, including one from Somers twin brother Samuel. You know you did this, and now youre going to jail, Samuel Thompson told Harrell. Somers mother, Diena Thompson, who attended every court hearing in the case, told Harrell he would never find peace. No Peace in the Afterlife Your punishment does absolutely not fit your crime, she said. Remember now, there is no safe place for you. You do not have an impenetrable cell. There will be no peace in the afterlife. Court papers show that on Oct. 19, 2009, Harrell lured Somer into the Orange Park, Florida house where he was living with his mother on the route on which she walked from school. There he sexually assaulted her, killed her and put her body in the garbage. Harrell pleaded to first-degree murder, kidnapping and sexual battery in the Somer Thompson case. But he also pleaded to possession of child pornography and several other sexual-related charges in connection with an unrelated case involving a 3-year-old. The child was a relative of Harrells, according to court records. House Where Somer Died Is Destroyed On Feb. 12, 2015, Orange Park firefighters burned to the ground the house where Somer Thompson was killed. The Somer Thompson Foundation purchased the property and it was used for a live training exercise after the purchase. Burn, baby, burn, said Somers mother, Diena Thompson, after she tossed a flare inside the brick home while several hundred bystanders looked on. The home, owned by Harrells mother, became vacant after his arrest and ended up in foreclosure when the foundation bought it and offered it to the Orange Park Fire Department for a training exercise. Thompson said burning the house brought her family relief. I get to burn their house down, Thompson said. Im the big bad wolf this time knocking down your door, not the other way around. Its really nice to know that Im not ever going to have to drive in this neighborhood again and see this piece of trash. She said she hoped the property will be turned into something positive for the community one day.

Free Essays on Fats Wallers

Ain’t Misbehavin’ No one to talk to; all by myself; no one to walk with, But I'm happy on the shelf. Ain't misbehaving I'm saving my love for you. I know for certain the one I love. I'm through with flirting It's just you that I'm thinking of. Ain't misbehaving I'm saving my love for you. Like Jack Horner in the corner-don't go nowhere What do I care? Your kisses are worth waiting for, believe me. I don't stay out late, don't care to go I'm home about eight. Just me and my radio. Ain't misbehaving, I'm saving my love for you. This is a first person narrator and can be a man or woman singing the song because it is simply talking about not â€Å"misbehavin’† on their significant other. The narrator is speaking seriously about missing their significant other; thinking about them, writing a letter or talking to their loved one directly. The speaker is sad and is waiting for their loved one to return. The speaker wants the object of their love to know that they will stay faithful and that there is no need to worry about them going behind their back with someone else. The speaker makes reference to Jack Horner and I have no idea who that man is so this song must be written quite a long time ago. The last line also makes a reference to a radio, which means this song was definitely written before television because the reference would have been television instead of radio. The lyrics hint at a possible incident or incidents of unfaithfulness because the speaker would not be singing this sad song about being faithful if there was not an incident. The speaker is also trying to convince their loved on that they are their one and only love and even though there has been â€Å"flirting† there will not be anymore. â€Å"I know for certain the one I love. I'm through with flirting. It's just you that I'm thinking of.† Whether or not their loved one will believe them is another song, but it does seem like t... Free Essays on Fats Waller's Free Essays on Fats Waller's Ain’t Misbehavin’ No one to talk to; all by myself; no one to walk with, But I'm happy on the shelf. Ain't misbehaving I'm saving my love for you. I know for certain the one I love. I'm through with flirting It's just you that I'm thinking of. Ain't misbehaving I'm saving my love for you. Like Jack Horner in the corner-don't go nowhere What do I care? Your kisses are worth waiting for, believe me. I don't stay out late, don't care to go I'm home about eight. Just me and my radio. Ain't misbehaving, I'm saving my love for you. This is a first person narrator and can be a man or woman singing the song because it is simply talking about not â€Å"misbehavin’† on their significant other. The narrator is speaking seriously about missing their significant other; thinking about them, writing a letter or talking to their loved one directly. The speaker is sad and is waiting for their loved one to return. The speaker wants the object of their love to know that they will stay faithful and that there is no need to worry about them going behind their back with someone else. The speaker makes reference to Jack Horner and I have no idea who that man is so this song must be written quite a long time ago. The last line also makes a reference to a radio, which means this song was definitely written before television because the reference would have been television instead of radio. The lyrics hint at a possible incident or incidents of unfaithfulness because the speaker would not be singing this sad song about being faithful if there was not an incident. The speaker is also trying to convince their loved on that they are their one and only love and even though there has been â€Å"flirting† there will not be anymore. â€Å"I know for certain the one I love. I'm through with flirting. It's just you that I'm thinking of.† Whether or not their loved one will believe them is another song, but it does seem like t...

Critical Analysis for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Critical Analysis for Managers - Essay Example In case there are hitches in the systems or the cultural elements are disjointed, the organization ends up performing below its standards. Through a case study, this paper will compare and contrast the systems and cultures and discuss the extent to which each can illuminate and inform the management role. In Disney-Smile Factory case, the employees identify themselves with the organization. The organization has been able to develop a positive culture which ensures that the employees are proud of working in Disneyland. For instance, Disneyland look is often a source of some amusement to the subordinates who feel privileged to be part of the group that puts a smile on the faces of thousands of the customers who visit the park each day. As a result, even during stressing days, employees are able to control their emotions and deal with delays and queries emanating from the customers without feeling aggrieved by the load of the work and responsibilities (Inceoglu 2002). The systems have played a significant role in enabling the employees to feel as a part of the organization. For instance, the organization has ensured that the systems that are in place minimize the contact of the employees with the customers (Murthy 2007). Therefore, when they are needed to intervene, the employees go out of their way in order to initiate contact with Disneyland customers. However, such a hitch does not make the employees feel as if it’s odd. This is because they are satisfied with the working environment in the organization and they are always ready to ensure that they go out of their way in order to ensure that the customers are satisfied with the services being offered (Hiriyappa 2009). This aspect has played a significant role in increasing customer loyalty towards the organization. Furthermore, it has lowered the level of turnover in the organization. The systems especially those

Launching a new product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Launching a new product - Essay Example The company currently operates in Singapore, but it is planning to extend its operations in the UK. The UK offers a vital market for the company bracelet due to the high rate of economic growth and high consumer disposable incomes of the population. More than 40 million people in the UK would be willing to buy the product and contribute towards charitable work due to the caring attitudes of the population and feminine culture that is replicated in the bracelet design. The number of wealthy and aged individuals is more than 10 percent of the total UK population (Oxford Business Group 222). The macro-environment is favorable since UK economy is currently experiencing a recovery after the recent financial crisis. UK also enjoys stable political environment and is a member of the EU thus making it easier for the organisation to expand to neighboring European countries. The UK population is highly educated and most of the citizens have access to the internet in their homes. UK citizens ha ve caring attitudes towards the environment and life thus it will be easy for the product to penetrate the market. The existing legal environment enables the citizens to contribute donations towards charitable organisations and adequate e-commerce laws have been enacted in order to facilitate online donations (Oxford Business Group 137). In addition, the level of technology is high thus the organisation can rely on the existing modern communication technologies and high internet penetration in order to reach the potential buyers in the remote villages and smaller towns (Oxford Business Group 189). SWOT Analysis Strengths Midomo bracelet enjoys several strengths that are essential in penetrating the targeted market and sustaining relationships with buyers. The product is made of high quality and wearable jewellery thus appealing to the purchasing behaviour of UK citizens. The product will enjoy high brand recognition and awareness in the market since it has been designed by an award winning designer who has a high reputation of quality and stylish designs. In addition, the bracelet is light in weight thus can be worn by the buyers when travelling thus spreading the word of the mouth on the existence of the charitable product in the market. Accordingly, the bracelet symbolizes abundance and water thus will resonate well with the attitudes of UK citizens towards combating environmental degradation. The product is also lowly priced compared to similar jewellery products in the market. Weaknesses Midomo bracelet suffers from several weaknesses since the designer has not offered a variety in terms of color or raw material. Not all potential buyers would be attracted towards silver products or products that depict a feminine style. Some of the potential donors may not be willing to wear the bracelet due to the stereotypes that associate certain health issues like stiff arms with wearing of bracelets around arms (Yeshin 316). Another challenge that will be involved in clude employment of additional staff to monitor the online transactions and answer to customer complaints (Yeshin 337). Opportunities There are numerous opportunities that Midomo Initiative can exploit in order to attain its mission and objectives in the UK market. The company should provide for a variety in terms of bracelet designs and color in order to appeal to the wider market in the UK. The

Subject-Sustainability in Global Business, Topic-Gold Mining Industry Assignment

Subject-Sustainability in Global Business, Topic-Gold Mining Industry In Armenia - Assignment Example Such forecasting has resulted in greater invasion of the foreign investors in the country with a motive to extract a larger volume of gold. However, critical analysis to the context reveals that such repeat and continuous invasions in Armenian gold industry have resulted in a major consequence of hazardous mining activities (Abrahamyan, 2012). To obtain a better insight of the gold mining advantages and industrial disadvantages of the same, a PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal) analysis of the country has been considered in this essay. Based on the analysis results, the discussion in this essay further attempt to measure the extent to which, the gold industry can be sustainable. Moreover, the essay also aims to provide rational solutions on the basis of which gold industry is likely to operate in a more sustainable manner. 2. PESTEL Analysis of Gold Mining Industry in Armenia 2.1. Political Elements In order to attract a larger percentage of g lobal investments in gold mining industry, the political system of the country has adopted a comparatively flexible international trade policies and plans with a vision to promote its exports, which acts as the main source of national income for Armenia (CIA, 2013; Stuhlberger, 2012). Although the increased foreign investments in the gold mining industry of Armenia has resulted in its augmented national income prospects, with the inflow of a greater volume of foreign currencies, the country witnesses immense complications in terms of corruption. Furthermore, the currently persisting unfavourable relationship amid governmental bodies and the mining sector investors have also resulted in greater degree of corruption within the national context (Stuhlberger, 2012). In addition to these national issues, the country has also been facing political conflict issues with Azerbaijan and Georgia, which has further affected its potentialities to attract a larger volume of foreign investment in the most sustainable manner for its gold mining industry (Nichol, 2013). It is thus recommendable that a stable and more organised political system must be developed by the responsible governmental bodies in Armenia in order to develop its gold mining industry in a socially responsible manner. 2.2. Economic Elements The economic condition of the country has developed quite rapidly, wherein the contributions made by the gold mining industry can be argued as inevitable. However, the economic crisis situations on a global context have adversely affected the economic stability conditions of the country to a large extent being majorly depended on foreign investments. As a matter of fact, with the shrinking purchasing power of customers in the gold industry, the investment trend also declined, which affected the Armenian economy adversely. However, in the recent years of post-recessionary phase, the increased demand for gold has attracted a large number of foreign investors in Armenia (Bu siness Reporter, 2013; UN, 2012; Chshmarityan, 2005). It is worth mentioning in this context that in order to be favourable towards the development of mining sectors and suffice the increased demand of valuable metals and minerals, the Armenian government levied taxes and regulations at a marginal extent, focusing more on charging royalties on the miners. However, unlike expectations, these tax control measures to facilitate greater independency of investors in the gold mini

Currency War Between China and Usa Essay Example for Free

Currency War Between China and Usa Essay Currency War: Currency war, also known as competitive devaluation, is a condition in international affairs where countries compete against each other to achieve a relatively low exchange rate for their own currency. As the price to buy a particular currency falls so too does the real price of exports from the country. Imports become more expensive too, so domestic industry, and thus employment, receives a boost in demand both at home and abroad. However, the price increase in imports can harm citizens purchasing power. The policy can also trigger retaliatory action by other countries which in turn can lead to a general decline in international trade, harming all countries. Reasons of Currency War Between USA and China: Competitive devaluation has been rare through most of history as countries have generally preferred to maintain a high value for their currency,but it happens when devaluation occur. China keeps its dollar artificially low so that countries like the US will buy its goods. China is the USs largest trading partner and if they didnt sell their goods for super cheap, markets like India would be able to under cut the Chinese and then the US would buy goods from Indian instead of China. There is so much trade between China and the US that China profits immensely without needing its Yuan to appreciate. This of course hurts the average Chinese person in that their labour is devalued but it beneficial for the country as a whole as it has quickly become a super power economicaly. In 2008, a trader paid one Ghana Cedi for one U.S. dollar, but at the beginning of April 2012, the same trader travelling to Dubai paid GH ¢1.74 for one U.S. dollar. This means that year-on-year decline in the value of cedi against the US dollar was 74 per cent over a three-year period. A point to note is that during the global economic crises of 2008-2009, the cedi depreciated by 25 per cent against the dollar. Between 2010 and 2011, the cedi again depreciated 18.5 per cent against the US dollar. For last month, the cedi exchange rate depreciated 4.29 percent against the US dollar. So is the current downward slide in the cedi value as a result of the slowdown in the global economy or due to internal structural weaknesses? This question requires a detailed research work beyond the scope of this article but it is a very relevant question to ask at this time. In economics, depreciation is basically the symptoms of an underlying problem, specifically imbalances in the Balance of Payment (BOP), emanating from excess demand for dollars. So instead of discussing the depreciating cedi, I will rather focus my attention on the causes or factors that cause currency to depreciate and what the government can do to arrest this problem in special cases. Before then, I must let readers know the difference between currency fluctuation and depreciation. Fluctuations in currency value are a common event and are usually no cause for concern. The minor daily increases and decreases in value are generally due to â€Å"random walk† and not due to an economic event or fundamental problems. However, changes in currency value become significant when the decline in value of the currency is an ongoing trend. Technically, when currency depreciates, it loses value and purchasing power, with impact on the real sectors of the economy. Although, the economic effects of a lower cedi take time to happen, there are time lags between a change in the exchange rate and changes in commodity prices. Factors that determine the value of a currency include the current state of the overall economy, inflation, trade balance (the difference between the value of export and import), level of political stability, etc. Occasionally, external factors like currency speculations on the foreign exchange market can also contribute to depreciation of the local currency. Such being the case, a government can intervene into the foreign exchange market to support its national currency and suppress the process of depreciation. Currency depreciation can positively impact the overall economic development, though. It boosts competitiveness through lower export costs and secures more income from exported goods in a similar way devaluation does. On the contrary, depreciation makes imports more expensive and discourages purchases of imported goods stimulating demand for domestically manufactured goods. Globally, governments intentionally influence the value of their currency utilising the powerful tool of the base interest rates, which are usually set by the countrys central bank and this tool is often used to intentionally depreciate the currency rates to encourage exports. Factors that can cause a currency to depreciate are: Supply and Demand †¢ Just as with goods and services, the principles of supply and demand apply to the appreciation and depreciation of currency values. If a country injects new currency into its economy, it increases the money supply. When there is more money circulating in an economy, there is less demand. This depreciates the value of the currency. On the other hand, when there is a high domestic or foreign demand for a countrys currency, the currency appreciates in value. Inflation †¢ Inflation occurs when the general prices of goods and services in a country increase. Inflation causes the value of the cedi to depreciate, reducing purchasing power. If there is rampant inflation, then a currency will depreciate in value. What causes inflation? †¢ Printing Money. Note printing money does not always cause inflation. It will occur when the money supply is increased faster than the growth of real output. †¢ Note: the link between printing money and causing inflation is not straightforward. The money supply does not just depend on the amount the government prints. †¢ Large National Debt. To finance large national debts, governments often print money and this can cause inflation. Economic Outlook If a countrys economy is in a slow growth or recessionary phase, the value of their currency depreciates. The value of a countrys currency also depreciates if its major economic indicators like retail sales and Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, are declining. A high and/or rising unemployment rate can also depreciate currency value because it indicates an economic slowdown. If a countrys economy is in a strong growth period, the value of their currency appreciates. Trade Deficit A trade deficit occurs when the value of goods a country imports is more than the value of goods it exports. When the trade deficit of a country increases, the value of the domestic currency depreciates against the value of the currency of its trading partners. The demand for imports should fall as imports become more expensive. However, some imports are essential for production or cannot be made in the country and have an inelastic demand—we end up spending more on these when the exchange rate falls in value. This can cause the balance of payments to worsen in the short run (a process known as the J curve effect) Collapse of Confidence If there is a collapse of confidence in an economy or financial sector, this will lead to an outflow of currency as people do not want to risk losing their currency. Therefore, this causes an outflow of capital and depreciation in the exchange rate. Collapse in confidence can be due to political or economic factors. Price of Commodities if an economy depends on exports of raw materials, a fall in the price of this raw material can cause a fall in export revenue and depreciation in the exchange rate. For example, in 2011, a ton of cocoa sold for US4,000 per ton. Currently, it is going for US$2,300 per ton, translating into fewer inflows of dollars. Interest rate Differential I will use the International Fischer Effect to explain the relationship between the expected change in the current exchange rate between the cedi and the dollar, which is approximately equivalent to the difference between Ghana and US’ nominal interest rates for that time. For example, if the average interest rate in Ghana for 2011 was 24 per cent and for US was three per cent, then the dollar should appreciate roughly 21 per cent or the cedi must depreciate 21 per cent compared to the dollar to restore parity. The rationale for the IFE is that a country with a higher interest rate will also tend to have a higher inflation rate. This increased amount of inflation should cause the currency in the country with the high interest rate to depreciate against a country with lower interest rates. Market Speculations Market speculations can contribute to a process of spiraling depreciation after smaller market players decide to follow the example of the leading dealers, the so-called market makers, and after they lost confidence in a particular currency start to sell it in bulk amounts. Then only a quick reaction of the countrys central bank can restore the confidence of investors and stop the currency rates of the nations currency from continuous decline. When the currency depreciation is based on market speculations, in other words, not backed by fundamental economic factors, then the central bank comes to the rescue- intervene. A sterilised intervention against depreciation can only be effective in the medium term if the underlying cause behind the currencys loss of value can be addressed. If the cause was a speculative attack based on political uncertainty this can potentially be resolved. Because after a sterilised intervention the money supply remains unchanged at its high level, the locally available interest rates can still be relatively low, so the carry trade continues and if it still wants to prevent depreciation the central bank has to intervene again. This can only go on so long before the bank runs out of foreign currency reserves. In conclusion, currency depreciation is the result of fundamental deficiencies with the domestic economy which must be corrected over a period of time to restore balance. However, where the depreciation is out of speculative attacks on the currency, then the central bank can intervene to correct the temporary anomalies, which, often is short term in nature. Lastly, intervention in the foreign exchange market by the central bank to correct fundamental weaknesses, just like the Ghanaian situation will not work, because, very soon, the central bank will run out of international reserves; hence, the cedi must therefore seek its equilibrium level. The writer is an economic consultant and former Assistant Professor of Finance and Economics at Alabama State University. Montgomery, Alabama. Currency War in the Great Depression During the Great Depression of the 1930s, most countries abandoned the gold standard, resulting in currencies that no longer had intrinsic value. With widespread high unemployment, devaluations became common. Effectively, nations were competing to export unemployment, a policy that has frequently been described as beggar thy neighbour.[30] However, because the effects of a devaluation would soon be counteracted by a corresponding devaluation by trading partners, few nations would gain an enduring advantage. On the other hand, the fluctuations in exchange rates were often harmful for international traders, and global trade declined sharply as a result, hurting all economies. The exact starting date of the 1930s currency war is open to debate.[23] The three principal parties were Great Britain, France, and the United States. For most of the 1920s the three generally had coinciding interests, both the US and France supported Britains efforts to raise Sterlings value against market forces. Collaboration was aided by strong personal friendships among the nations central bankers, especially between Britains Montagu Norman and Americas Benjamin Strong until the latters early death in 1928. Soon after the Wall Street Crash of 1929, France lost faith in Sterling as a source of value and begun selling it heavily on the markets. From Britains perspective both France and the US were no longer playing by the rules of the gold standard. Instead of allowing gold inflows to increase their money supplies (which would have expanded those economies but reduced their trade surpluses) France and the US began sterilising the inflows, building up hoards of gold. These factors contributed to the Sterling crises of 1931; in September of that year Great Britain substantially devalued and took the pound off the gold standard. For several years after this global trade was disrupted by competitive devaluation. The currency war of the 1930s is generally considered to have ended with the Tripartite monetary agreement of 1936.

suzuki 750 :: essays research papers

SUZUKI GSXR 750   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There it was the street machine. The Suzuki GSXR 750 staring back at me as I was in disbelief. Palms sweaty, jaw heavy as my mouth watered. The bike was immaculate and shining like a multi million dollar diamond ring. The lighting in the showroom brought out its true beauty. The GSXR is a superb machine that is bound to get noticed with 125 rear wheel horsepower and dry weight of 365 pounds. You couldn’t ask for anymore in a bike. It also has inline four cylinder dual over head cams and 16 valves pumping out 127 rear wheel horsepower. Pound for pound it was the best bike in the world with the most ruthlessly efficient balance of power. The sleek, aggressive Japanese engineering made the bike look ridiculous. The superman shaped headlight was one of a kind. Located on each side of the headlight were the flaring ram air nostrils making it look like a hungry bike. It has a color scheme of red, white, and blue and it looked like the American flag blowing in the wind. The only thing left was one last signature. All of the sudden the feeling of completion hit me like a sack of nickels and tunnel vision. Finally the transaction was done, all I had to do was to hop on and hang on tight. My adrenaline was pumping as I started the bike. The rumbling between my legs, I couldn’t take it anymore I had to go. A couple lefts and rights out of the parking lot and I was sitting at the intersection. Waiting for the light to turn green I was nervous and excited at the same time. I began to sweat, not because of the hot weather, but the pure fact that the beast was screaming for throttle. I hit the road and took it easy for a bit because this bike had the capability of taking my life. All my thoughts of death faded as a Mr. Ed smile ran across my face. I felt invincible as all my stress of reality and everyday life went away. It made me feel free with my mind going into overdrive with not a care in the world. I started getting comfortable so gradually giving the bike more gas. With half throttle I was already at 90 miles per hour. I hit a straight away and hammered on the gas.

Control and college students Essay

Locus of control refers to an individual’s perception about the underlying main causes of events in his or her life either in general or in specific are such as health or academics. This basically implies our thoughts control our actions, when this executive function of thinking is realized it positively affects our beliefs, motivation and academic performance. It can be internal where a person believes that they control themselves or external that they are controlled by their environment, some higher power or other people control them. If a person has an internal locus of control, that person attributes his success to his efforts and abilities. The development of locus of control stems from family, culture and the past experiences that leads to rewards. Most internals come from families that focused on efforts, education and responsibility. On the other hand eternal come from families of low social economic status where there is a lack of life control. Developing an external locus of control is an adaptive response to living in prolonged circumstances without control. Research has shown that people are likely to develop internal locus of control if they life in family environments characterized by warmth, protection and nurturance. It may not a surprise that people who have faced trauma or are living with right now have external locus of control. Locus of control influences the life of an individual in all aspects academically, socially and also financially. These are the determinants of the quality of life. Locus of control and college students Academically, a person who expects to pass will be motivated to learn; will seek in formation and likely to have good study habits and a positive academic attitude. A person with an external locus of control attributes his success to luck or fate and makes less effort to learn. He will experience anxiety because he believes he is not in control of his life. The students with an internal locus of control have better adjustments to college in term of academic achievement and social adjustment. This is caused by a strong inner being and the understanding that he has an upper hand in his life. They are able to live with people from all walks of life because they know what can affect them is the decisions they themselves make. They are not subject to the ideas of the multitudes they are able to put a clear distinction between what they want in life and what the society dictates to them (Njus & Brockway, 1999). A study found that college students with a high internal locus of control did well in distance learning. They enjoy learning situations that require a certain amount of independence from the learner. They are able to put effort in their studies because they believe they can make it no matter the situations they face. This inner drive and self confidence in these students motivates them to do even better though they have to work extra hard (Dille & Mezack, 1991). For students with an internal locus of control, they must attribute their success to their efforts. They have to develop an individualized learning plan that includes their goals and how to achieve them. It also contains a time frame and the outcome they expect. On the other hand students with an external locus control, they were likely to withdraw from their courses. They are also correlated with failure though it may not be very significant. These students need a lot of encouragement and guidance from the tutors. This makes their success a matter of combined efforts with the reluctance of the tutor these students face difficulties in finding success which is highly affected and threatened (Pugliese, 1994). Female college students are more inclined to take responsibility for failure. Male students tend to attribute their failure to external or unstable causes while the female attributes their failure to internal causes which appears to be an over simplification. Female students are fond of blaming themselves on issues of failure more compared to male students. This has been known to cause stress during exams and a lot of tension which affects their performance negatively. Male students have been found to associate their failure to lack of efforts more as compared to female students. Locus of control is highly associated with stress levels, emotional resilience and need for achievement. Locus of control cannot be separated from the ability to be embarrassed. Differences in embarrassment are highly determined by the locus of control. Embarrassment is a form of social anxiety that occurs when a person’s public identity in a particular situation is threatened. The individuals possessing an internal locus of control have a higher embarassability than those with an external locus. The individuals with internal locus of control take everything that happens to them upon themselves hence their failures are points of much embarrassments (Robinson 1991). Deeming control over events in ones life may not led to a superior lifestyle. When an individual tries to change a situation that is unchangeable it causes frustration, disappointment, and depression. When the forces from outside takes the control of behavior consequences, the most realistic and healthy approach is an external orientation (Hock, 2001). In the light of this matter people with an internal locus of control will feel they control the events that occur in their live. It is possible that the responsibility of controlling what happens will turn to guilt when undesirable situations arise. This will cause this individuals play there games cool and also be very careful with the decisions they make for the fear of being embarrassed (Hock, 2001). The students with an internal locus of control have high levels of personal responsibilities and are likely to experience many changes of interest. This will be due to fear of failure because mostly they never come in to terms with failure. As long as these individuals are internally motivated and convinced that whatever they want to engage in will make their ego or self esteem increase they will go for it. Out of a research it was found that internal locus of control positively relates to confidence, behavior intent and actual behavior concerning weight loss. If these individuals believe that smoking would their weight prohibiting weight gain, appetite change, and reduced weight they would opt to go for it (Holt, Clark, and Kreutzer, 2001). The internal focus of control and the family structure it also appears to be reasonable to believe that career goals and reasonable behavior are signs of adjustment. There is a reasoning that students who become leaders might aspire to more prestigious careers that might further testify to their psychological and social adjustment. The purpose of the study was also to address the question of the variables that are related to the leadership behavior which seems to clearly signify the adjustment. There was an assessment of independent and combined esteem of self esteem of focus control carrier goals leadership behavior and family structure. Those students who were identified being high in leadership potential seemed to be higher in self esteem. Had internal focus of control and would have more carrier aspirations and would have two biological parent family compared to those who had an external focus of control (Haworth & Iso-Ahola, 1997). Almost every college or university claims that their campus has a drinking problem. More police may be released during the evening hours so as to discourage drinking among students. Programs are implemented trying to teach students about safe ways to drink alcohol and to recognize alcohol related problems. In all these situations the campus and the students try to reduce the behavior of drinking. When discussing norms one should differentiate between descriptive norms and the inductive norms. The descriptive norms describe actual behavior e. g. the behavior of drinking alcoholic beverages. An inductive norm would represent approval of the drinking behavior. In 2003 Borsari and Bosari had conducted meta-analysis concerning the effects of inductive norms along with the normative norms in relation to drinking behaviors in college and any other discrepancies, which involves the differences in beliefs between self and judgments of others (Haworth & Iso-Ahola, 1997). Someone with an internal locus of control will most likely believe in working to be a good person so that they can reach a higher spiritual state. It has been seen that college students with high level of religiosity also have high academic achievements and are mostly those with in internal locus of control. Believing in the faith influences everyday life and perception of being a good student which has great implications to locus of control. External locus of control has been described as individuals attributing life events to luck, fate or external forces. In deed external locus of control has been found to correlate with belief in superstitious phenomena. Locus of control, optimism and self esteem are good indicators of well being. People with high internal locus of control tend to be happier and able to deal with life difficulties in a healthier way. People with low self esteem will tend to explain any success they have by attributing it to luck rather than their own abilities. While those with high self esteem will associate it to qualities within themselves. It can be attributed with the fact that they make decisions and they are ready to pay the cost for the consequences. The students with an internal locus of control are able to adjust to changes and can modify their way of life to suit the current environment to prevent the environment from dictating the outcome of their efforts. People with internal locus of control spend much time focusing in the positive things and can take risk to self disclosure. They will always appear confident and persuasive; they are very out spoken and have a lot of influence to the rest of the students. Their ideal seems always superior and they will force them into actions. They are more innovative in efforts to attain more fame out of their achievements. They are risk takers in all fields that can make them acquire fame and priority. They are focused and mostly have a very liberal way of life. They plan ahead mostly they appear stress free but they are highly affected by things fame and excellence but not other aspects of life (Haworth. John & Iso-Ahola. S (1997). Students with an external locus of control, because of locating their control outside themselves, those students with external locus control feel that they have less control over their fate. These college students tend to be more stressed and are prone to clinical depression. With internals they exhibit two essential characteristics which are the high achievement motivation and low-directedness. This basis of the locus of control was proposed by Rotter in 1966 (Baum, 1997). Rotter’s undimensionality has been challenged by Levension who argued that different dimensions of locus of control like the belief that events in ones life are self-determined are chance based and organized by others. Locus of control has impact upon smoking behavior among college students. A study indicated that, smokers who tend to resume smoking after are among college students who have external locus of control. Those students who persistently avoid cigarettes believe that they have a great power of control over their lives compared to those who resume smoking (Baum, 1997). Disability among the students can be associated to development of external locus of control. This is accelerated by impairment, where it affects individual’s ability to cope with daily activities. This implies those able to handle their daily activities can develop internal locus of control. Acknowledgement of their conditions and contentment with what the can achieve in their conditions builds an internal locus of control. This increases with appreciation and encouragement from the entire society. Locus of control has a lot of influences on sexual behaviors of college students. Individuals with external locus of control are more likely to involve themselves sin more risky sexual practices. Conclusion Academically, a person who expects to pass will be motivated to learn; will seek in formation and likely to have good study habits and a positive academic attitude. A person with an external locus of control attributes his success to luck or fate and makes less effort to learn. He will experience anxiety because he believes he is not in control of his life. The students with an internal locus of control have better adjustments to college in term of academic achievement and social adjustment. This is cause by a strong inner being and the understanding that he has an upper hand in his life. They are able to live with people from all walks of life because they know what can affect them is the decisions they themselves make (Viorst, 1999). Reference: Baum Andrew (1997): Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine; ISBN 0521436869, Cambridge University Press. Dille, B. & Mezack, M. (1991): Identifying predictors of high risk among community college telecourse students. American Journal of Distance Education 5 (1), 24-35. Haworth. John & Iso-Ahola. S (1997): Work, Leisure and Well-being; ISBN 0415017033, Routledge. Hock, H. R. (2001): Forty Studies that Changed Psychology (4th ed). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Holt, C. L. , Clark, E. M. , & Kreuter, M. W. (2001): Weight locus of control and weightrelated attitudes and behaviors in an overweight population. Addictive Behaviors, 26, 329-340. Njus, D. M. & Brockway, J. H. (1999): Perceptions of competence and locus of control for positive and negative outcomes. Personality and Individual Differences 26, 531-548. Pugliese, R. R. (1994): Telecourse persistence and psychological variables. American Journal of Distance Education, 8 [3], 22-39. Robinson, J. P. (1991): Measure of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes. San Diego: Academic Press Viorst Judith (1999): Imperfect Control: Our Lifelong Struggles with Power and Surrender; ISBN 0684848147, Simon & Schuster.